關於重陽節的來歷和習俗
關於重陽節的來歷和習俗
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar. In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number "6" was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival. Chong in Chinese means "double." Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify "forever", both are "Jiu Jiu," the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. That's why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.
農曆九月九日，為傳統的重陽節。因為古老的《易經》中把「六」定為陰數，把「九」定為陽數，九月九日，日月並陽，兩九相重，故而叫重陽，也叫重九，古人認為是個值得慶賀的吉利日子，並且從很早就開始過此節日。
The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Height Ascending Festival". The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower. Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity. Even today, people still swarm to famous or little known mountains on this day.
在古代，民間在重陽有登高的風俗，故重陽節又叫「登高節」。相傳此風俗始於東漢。唐代文人所寫的登高詩很多，大多是寫重陽節的習俗;杜甫的七律《登高》，就是寫重陽登高的名篇。登高所到之處，沒有劃一的規定，一般是登高山、登高塔。
On this day, people will eat Double Ninth Gao (or Cake). In Chinese, gao (cake) has the same pronunciation with gao (height). People do so just to hope progress in everything they are engaged in. There is no fixed ways for the Double Ninth Cake, but super cakes will have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower.
在這一天，人們還有吃「重陽糕」的習俗。在漢語裡，「糕」與「高」同音，」，人們會用「吃糕」代替「登高」，祝願百事俱高。重陽糕又稱花糕、菊糕、五色糕，制無定法，較為隨意。最高的有九層，像一個塔。
The Double Ninth Festival is also a time when chrysanthemum blooms. China boasts diversified species of chrysanthemum and people have loved them since ancient times. So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes a key activity on this festival. Also, people will drink chrysanthemum wine. Women used to stick such a flower into their hair or hang its branches on windows or doors to avoid evilness.
重陽節正是一年的金秋時節，菊花盛開，民間還把農曆九月稱為「菊月」，在菊花傲霜怒放的重陽節裡，觀賞菊花成了節日的一項重要內容，當然，人們也會喝一些菊花酒。女人會把茱萸插在頭上或掛在門口，可以避難消災。
In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors' Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day.
今天的重陽節，被賦予了新的含義，在1989年，我國把每年的九月九日定為老人節，傳統與現代巧妙地結合，成為尊老、敬老、愛老、助老的老年人的節日。全國各機關、團體、街道，往往都在此時組織從工作崗位上退下來的老人們秋遊賞景，或臨水玩樂，或登山健體，讓身心都沐浴在大自然的懷抱裡;不少家庭的晚輩也會攙扶著年老的長輩到郊外活動或為老人準備一些可口的飲食。
上海重陽節的食俗
在上海，重陽節吃重陽糕!重陽糕是上海和江浙一帶的傳統名點。相傳，重陽節飲菊花酒、吃糕的風俗始於漢代。據《西京雜記》載：「漢武帝宮人賈佩蘭，九月九佩茱萸、食餌，飲菊花酒」。在唐代曾有「中秋方過近重陽，又見花糕各處忙。面夾雙層多棗粟，當筵題句傲劉郎」的詩句。它說明在唐代重陽節吃花糕已很盛行。
重陽糕，北方最早叫「花糕」，是用糯米(或黍米等)製成的節令美食，因糕上插有各種花色而得名。在上海和江浙一帶稱為「重陽糕」，用米粉製成紅、綠、白等5種顏色，再配以果仁製成。
有關重陽節的習俗，在《續齊諧記》中記載著這樣一段故事：東漢時，「汝南桓景隨費長房遊學累年，長房謂之曰：九月九日汝家當有災厄，急宜去。令家人各作絳囊，盛茱萸以及系臂登高飲菊酒，此禍可消。」此後世人每至九月初九出遊登高，飲菊花酒，佩戴茱萸以避邪惡，另外還要吃一種用蓬草與黍米製成的叫蓬餌的米糕。到了唐朝，米糕製作技藝日臻精良，品種繁多，許多地方都有蒸花糕的習俗。
這裡說五代後周時，開封地方有一個糕團店老闆，因為賣糕發了財，就花錢捐了個員外郎，人稱花糕員外。他店裡的花糕名稱也特別精巧動聽，有滿天星、水晶龍鳳糕、紫雲糕、米錦糕等等。尤其到了重陽日，還在這些花糕上插上五彩小旗，招攬顧客，饋贈親友，作為登高遠遊的食品。由於糕與高同音，後來有些城裡人就在重陽節這天把吃糕來代替登高了。從此，重陽吃花糕的習俗一直沿襲至今。
上海人吃的重陽糕，是選用糯米粉與粳米粉，按3：7的配比調合，加適量水拌成細粒狀、蒸熟，再加入白糖，芝麻、桂花、棗泥、瓜仁、青絲、紅絲等，捏成菱角形，或用模子塗上油、壓成各種形狀而成的。據稻香村食品廠廠長池向東介紹：糕點鋪每年重陽節都做花糕，實際是富強粉烤制的兩層酥皮點心、中間夾棗泥餡，有桂圓餡等。
重陽節別稱
1、重九節
因為古老的《易經》中把「六」定為陰數，把「九」定為陽數，九月九日，日月並陽，兩九相重，故而叫重陽，也叫重九節。
2、踏秋
重陽又稱「踏秋」，與三月三日「踏春」相對應。依據傳統，重陽這天所有親人都要一起登高「避災」，插茱萸、賞菊花，現代社會，很多傳統在變化，但是重陽登高依然盛行。
3、女兒節
重陽節又名「女兒節」，若有女子新出嫁，娘家必贈送重陽旗與時鮮盒，稱為送「重陽節盒」。據晉代《搜神記》記載，丁氏女遭惡婆婆虐待，永無休息之日，不堪忍受折磨，於九月九懸樑自盡，死後冤魂不散，托告世人，勸人家善待媳婦，請於重陽節讓她們休息。於是人們為丁氏女立祠祭祀。後來每逢重陽節，父母都要把出嫁的女兒接回來團聚，稱之為過女兒節，實質上也是讓婦女休息之意。
4、登高節
重陽最重要的節日活動之一，即是登高。故重陽節又叫「登高節」。登高所到之處，沒有劃一的規定，一般是登高山、登高塔。
5、菊花節
菊是長壽之花，又為文人們讚美作凌霜不屈的象徵，所以人們愛它、贊它，故常舉辦大型的菊展。菊展自然多在重陽舉行，因為菊與重陽關係太深了;因此，重陽又稱菊花節，而菊花又稱九花。賞菊也就成了重陽節習俗的組成部分。