中秋節由來英語介紹_中秋節怎樣用英語介紹
中秋節由來英語介紹
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in October in Gregorian calendar.
每年農曆八月十五日,是傳統的中秋佳節。這時是一年秋季的中期,所以被稱為中秋。
The festival has a long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the rite of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. Historical books of the Zhou Dynasty had had the word "Mid-Autumn". Later aristocrats and literary figures helped expand the ceremony to common people. They enjoyed the full, bright moon on that day, worshipped it and expressed their thoughts and feelings under it. By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of China.
中秋節有悠久的歷史,和其它傳統節日一樣,也是慢慢發展形成的,古代帝王有春天祭日,秋天祭月的禮制,早在《周禮》一書中,已有「中秋」一詞的記載。後來貴族和文人學士也倣傚起來,在中秋時節,對著天上又亮又圓一輪皓月,觀賞祭拜,寄托情懷,這種習俗就這樣傳到民間,形成一個傳統的活動,一直到了唐代,這種祭月的風俗更為人們重視,中秋節才成為固定的節日,《唐書·太宗記》記載有「八月十五中秋節」,這個節日盛行於宋朝,至明清時,已與元旦齊名,成為我國的主要節日之一。
Folklore about the origin of the festival go like this: In remote antiquity, there were ten suns rising in the sky, which scorched all crops and drove people into dire poverty. A hero named Hou Yi was much worried about this, he ascended to the top of the Kunlun Mountain and, directing his superhuman strength to full extent, drew his extraordinary bow and shot down the nine superfluous suns one after another. He also ordered the last sun to rise and set according to time. For this reason, he was respected and loved by the people and lots of people of ideals and integrity came to him to learn martial arts from him. A person named Peng Meng lurked in them.
相傳,遠古時候天上有十日同時出現,曬得莊稼枯死,民不聊生,一個名叫后羿的英雄,力大無窮,他同情受苦的百姓,登上崑崙山頂,運足神力,拉開神弓,一氣射下九個多太陽,並嚴令最後一個太陽按時起落,為民造福。后羿因此受到百姓的尊敬和愛戴,不少志士慕名前來投師學藝,心術不正的蓬蒙也混了進來。
中秋節的傳說故事
相傳唐玄宗與申天師及道士鴻都中秋望月,突然玄宗興起游月宮之念,於是天師作法,三人一起步上青雲,漫遊月宮。但宮前有守衛森嚴,無法進入,只能在外俯瞰長安皇城。在此之際,忽聞仙聲陣陣,清麗奇絕,宛轉動人!唐玄宗素來熟通音律,於是默記心中。這正是「此曲只應天上有,人間能得幾回聞!」日後玄宗回憶月宮仙娥的音樂歌聲,自己又譜曲編舞,這便是歷史上有名的「霓裳羽衣曲」。
中秋節習俗
中國地緣廣大,人口眾多,風俗各異,中秋節的過法也是多種多樣,並帶有濃厚的地方特色。
在福建浦城,女子過中秋要穿行南浦橋,以求長壽。在建寧,中秋夜以掛燈為向月宮求子的吉兆。上杭縣人過中秋,兒女多在拜月時請月姑。龍巖人吃月餅時,家長會在中央挖出直徑二、三寸的圓餅供長輩食用,意思是秘密事不能讓晚輩知道。這個習俗是源於月餅中藏有反元殺敵訊息的傳說。金門中秋拜月前要先拜天公。
廣東潮汕各地有中秋拜月的習俗,主要是婦女和小孩,有「男不圓月,女不祭灶」的俗諺。晚上,皓月初升,婦女們便在院子裡、陽台上設案當空禱拜。銀燭高燃,香煙繚繞,桌上還擺滿佳果和餅食作為祭禮。當地還有中秋吃芋頭的習慣,潮汕有俗諺:「河溪對嘴,芋仔食到」.八月間,正是芋的收成時節,農民都習慣以芋頭來祭拜祖先。這固然與農事有關,但民間還有一則流傳廣泛的傳說:1279年,蒙古貴族滅了南宋,建立元朝,對漢人進行了殘酷的統治。馬發據守潮州抗元,城破後,百姓慘遭屠殺。為了不忘胡人統治之苦,後人就取芋頭與「胡頭」諧音,且形似人頭,以此來祭奠祖先,歷代相傳,至今猶存。
中秋夜燒塔在一些地方也很盛行。塔高1-3公尺不等,多用碎瓦片砌成,大的塔還要用磚塊砌成,約占塔高的1/4,然後再用瓦片疊砌而成,頂端留一個塔口,供投放燃料用。中秋晚上便點火燃燒,燃料有木、竹、穀殼等,火旺時潑松香粉,引焰助威,極為壯觀。民間還有賽燒塔規例,誰把瓦塔燒得全座紅透則勝,不及的或在燃燒過程倒塌的則負,勝的由主持人發給彩旗、獎金或獎品。據傳燒塔也是元朝末年,漢族人民反抗殘暴統治者,於中秋起義時舉火為號的由來。